Differences Between Count Dracula and Vlad Tepes Free Essays

â€Å"Dracula† is a book written by Bram Stoker that was inspired by Vlad Tepes, which causes some confusion about where fact ends and fiction begins. The two undoubtedly share some similarities. For example, they are both in positions of nobility. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between Count Dracula and Vlad Tepes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before becoming a vampire Dracula was a prince and Vlad was a voivode. They are both also from Transylvania, although â€Å"Dracula† does not take place entirely in Transylvania. Although there are elements of Tepes in the character of Dracula, a great deal of it was embellished for dramatic effect. Dracula and Vlad may have had a few similarities, but they are also very different. In Stoker’s novel Dracula is depicted as blood thirsty. Although Vlad was also blood thirsty, he and Dracula had very different ways of satisfying their thirst. Vlad was just a monarch with a very sadistic streak. He used this power to kill people who had personally offended him. Vlad killed in many ways but his favorite way to kill his victims was to impale them on a wooden stake, which is a very slow and agonizing way to die. Victims sometimes endured this for hours or days. Throughout his reign, Vlad systematically eradicated the old boyar class of Wallachia. Dracula killed and then fed on the blood of his victims. Vlad and Dracula’s motives for killing so many were different. After the death of his wife, Dracula sold his soul to the devil. This transaction turn Dracula into a vampire that survives by sucking the blood from his victims and transforming them into vampires. Vlad’s motivation in killing so many was to exact revenge for the death of his father and brother. Perhaps this difference causes the vastly lights that they are seen in. Dracula is a villian, but many Romanians view Vlad as a hero. His reputation in his native country is one of a man who stood up to both foreign and domestic enemies. In Romania he is considered one of their greatest leaders. Dracula had a bevy of superpowers to aid him in his dastardly deeds. Dracula had the power to shape shift. In the novel he shifts into things such as a bat and a wolf. He also possesses superhuman powers like being able to crawl on vertical surfaces and manipulating the weather. The most important characteristic of Dracula is that he is undead. The only way to kill Dracula is to decapitate him and impale him with a wooden stake through the heart. Vlad on the other hand, had no superpowers and was for the most part a normal person. Vlad and Dracula are both remembered for the same reason: their atrocious murders. They were both prolific killers. Despite their many differences, they will probably always be associated. How to cite Differences Between Count Dracula and Vlad Tepes, Essay examples

Managing - Leading and Stewardship Sample - MyAssignmentHelp

Question: Write an essay about the managing leading and stewardship. Answer: Introduction: The ideas of managing, leading and stewardship can be identified as typically interrelated both in our familial, personal and mainly the professional life. As opined by Menzel 2012, Managing is associative, spontaneous and principled. It is not all about the actions you perform as well as the pattern of your relation and the interaction style with others. In an organization, a strong management skill is needed, as there are a number of different kinds of people are interacting. In addition to this, I will describe the leadership as the deed of leading a group or an organization, or the aptitude to perform this responsibility. Therefore, it can easily be understood how important for these ideas are to be amalgamated. Now, if we talk about the initiative of Stewardship, it can be said that this particular idea talks about the responsibility of the companies to recognize and deal with their influence on the environment. Now, according to my opinion and experience, it is important for a company to integrate all of them to obtain a better organizational environment and thus can gain better profitability. Discussion: Before our professional life, we all have our world. It consists of our family, friends, schools or the universities. This pre-professional life provides us a number of experiences and thus helps us in developing a number of ideas. In the context my life, I had a general idea of management. I had a fade notion that it is a process and faculty manipulating or controlling things or the people. In my family, I got to know the people who are people who had a commanding faculty of controlling or manipulating the people. However, it caused me confusion about the true character of a leader and a manager. In my college life, I came into the contact with some people with an astonishing power of influence others. Some of them were my friends. They had some distractive personal characteristics. It was surely their leadership quality, which made them stand out of the crowd. As discussed by Goetschj and Davis 2014, a leader can be described as a person who sets off first and thus leads by setting examples. I encountered such friends who had the power of motivating others. On the other hand, Workingwith the help of stewardshipcan assist abusiness to discover a sustainable practice; develop its repute among clients and save money (Spiller and Stockdale 2013). I used to think that the Stewardship talks about the managers focus on saving the interest of him and the shareholders. However, in the course of this study I came to understand that the role of a steward is to gain a better acceptance among the customers for the organization. The course of this study, I have experienced a number of working experiences. These have shaped my idea and the guiding philosophy of my life. In some of my workplaces, I had to be a member of a team and was being led by the team leader. Sometimes the feeling of redundancy made me demotivated to work with perfection and being dedicated to the work culture or the organizational goals. As opined by Connor 2013, the redundancy is one of the major issues of employee demonization and the subsequent loss of commitment to the new employers. On the other hand, when I got the responsibility of being the team leader and compelled to make other employees redundant I got to know, that sometimes the companies need to follow this strategy for some genuine commercial reasons. However, I have experienced how it hampers the motivational factor of an employee. This course of the study has provided me the knowledge about the alternative strategies of the redundancy. Here, it is needed to perform the role of stewardship role. My previous knowledge and understanding of leadership criticized this strategy of redundancy. However, this course has provided me the managerial knowledge of the importance of cost-cutting for a company. In addition to this, my previous knowledge of management has made me face a number of workplace challenges. In the position of work pressure, I have failed to retain the composure within the employees. This course of study has provided me the knowledge of the importance of taking the responsibility when jobs do not go as designed. As opined by D. Waters 2013, here, the managers need to play the role of a leader. However, during this course of the study, I have developed my skills in leadership and management. Now, I know, it is not enough for a manager to manipulate people. It is important for him to play the role of a leader for the better performance and the fulfillment of the ethical requirements. Now I know it is important to follow some principles for the job of managing, leading and stewardship, and I am still following them. As opined by Turner and Hartley 2016, I need to follow the principle of self-improvement to perform the duties of a manager and a leader. As the basic idea goes with the leadership skill, now I know I have to be the example for my co-workers. It can be expected that the issue of redundancy can also be avoided by it. Now, I am developing and equipping myself with a better knowledge of my job role. It is being helpful in motivating others. As experienced in the course of this study, I am making my team members well informed about their job roles. Now I know a manager needs to be a leader by admitting his mistakes, and this principle is enabling me to win the confidence of my teammates (Raczkowski 2016). Now, I know that it is important for a manager or a steward to be ethical in his role to ensure the low rate of employee turnover. The essence of the stewardship idea talks about being more responsible to the employees and the external environment. Now I am trying to follow them as my guiding principles. I would love to make ethical changes the established pattern of organizational leadership. I think it is needed for a leader to consider the ethical responsibilities that come with his role. However, we need to consider it from the basic level. During my work experienced that the managers or the leaders sometimes behaves like a superior to others. People need to understand that they are not the superiors but the co-workers. However, the organizational structure couples them to behave in this manner (Boni et al. 2014). The organizations need to focus on creating a democratic culture within the setup. It helps people to be more motivated and involved. I would also like to change the work culture prevailing in the present workplaces. A company cannot ignore the issues like cost cut, but to encounter them they should follow some strategies, which help the people with solutions that are more comprehensive. As the professional life poses a great impact on the individual personal life, it i s important to the managers and the leaders to be more sympathetic and helpful. Conclusion: In the conclusion, it can be said that the responsibilities of the managers or the leaders are broad enough to influence the life and attitude of the team members. Therefore, it is a prerequisite for them to understand the ethical responsibilities of these roles. It is not enough to make people attain the strategic goals. They need to concentrate on the increase in the motivation and involvement level of the people. People love to respect a true leader. Therefore, it is important for us to develop a respectable personality with a motivational attitude. If a change in the workplace can be introduced, it will eventually influence our personal life and thus, be helpful in creating a better world. References: Boni, A.A., Weingart, L.R. and Todorova, G., 2014. Building, Managing, and Motivating Great Teams. InElsevier Inc.. Connor, V., 2013. Leading Change: The Collaborative Science and Adaptive Management Program.San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science,11(3). Waters, R., 2013. The role of stewardship in leadership: Applying the contingency theory of leadership to relationship cultivation practices of public relations practitioners.Journal of Communication Management,17(4), pp.324-340. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Menzel, D.C., 2012.Ethics management for public administrators: Leading and building organizations of integrity. ME Sharpe. Raczkowski, K., 2016. Managing and Leading in Public Organisations. InPublic Management(pp. 99-125). Springer International Publishing. Spiller, C. and Stockdale, M., 2013. Managing and Leading from a Maori Perspective: Bringing New Life and Energy to Organisations. InHandbook of Faith and Spirituality in the Workplace(pp. 149-173). Springer New York. Turner, N. and Hartley, P., 2016. Managing and leading projects and project teams.Advancing Practice in Academic Development, p.225.

Australian Taxation Law Disposal of Such Property

Question: Describe about the Australian Taxation Law for Disposal of Such Property. Answer: 1: Three types of payments are reflected by the given study, which needs to be considered as an income from the personal exertion. The main reason attributing to this was that it was privately written and the concerned rights, photographs and script were disposed of after it has been complied with the law. The situation would have different if Hilary would have written story for her satisfaction and would have made the decision to sell of the later (Besley Persson, 2013). The income generated from private exertion comprises of the remuneration, ages, commission, grants, and earnings and has to be understood as the same and this mostly relates to any sort of services delivered and to the employees. The taxpayer accounts for the revenue generated and this is accounted either alone or in partnership. The amount is considered in to the respective accounts which is the assessable income of the concerned individual paying the tax as notified under section 393-10 of the Income tax assessme nt act 1997. Therefore, such types of income which forms a part of the employment of profit and is generated from any sort of property and which is held by an individual who is paying any sort of profits or tax or revenue which has been yielded from the disposal of such property (Bird Zolt, 2014). If the Hilary would be the owner of the copyright of her writing and the contracts would have been in terms of the daily terror, which is created on the Hilarys parameters. If Hilary would be selling off the manuscript for $ 10000, it would not be regarded as the reward for service. In the Brent v FCT (1971) 125 CLR 418 case, it was stated that the payment accounting from the sale of any or disposal of the manuscript would not be considered as sale and would be treated as the ordinary income (Christie, 2015). If it is understood that Hilary is running the business of selling the articles but there is not any possibility of the happening of such things as Hilary has never penned down the story any time soon. However, if the above fact is considered, it can be concluded that the income of Hilary cannot be regarded as the ordinary income. Therefore, the things should be noted that the fact could not be accounted for the assessment under S-15-2 of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. The reason behind this is that it would not be considered as any form of reward, however, it could be understood that it is a payment made for transferring of the title of copyrights of the articles, which she wrote, and the rights of Daily terror would remain with her. In the event of happening of such situation, the scenario can be considered similar with the Brent, the payment, which is received, would be considered as the ordinary income, and this would be the reward for service (Davison et al., 2016). Therefore, the scenario presented would not form a part of assessment under Section 15-2 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. The reason attributed to this is that gains arising from this is regarded as the ordinary income and is not included in the ion 15-2 (3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. 2: The payment of $ 50000 is considered as the interest income and this is denoted at the very opening of the case study. The case of Riches v Westminster Bank Ltd (1947) AC 390 at 400 and under this case, the interest is considered as the payment and this is payable as the payment has not been made by the creditors for the money which is falling de under the prescribed date. The surplus payment of $ 10000 by the son to his mother under the presented scenario, is regarded as the payment for the loan amount taken by mother from his son. However, the amount of sum lent to the son by the parents for the time frame of five years for the purpose of constructions, the parent did not make use of such amount of sum (Hatfield, 2015). Therefore, as stated under the Section 6 subsection (5) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 in the form of interest income the amount of $ 40000 would form a part of the ordinary income. However, the necessary conclusion cannot be altered and would be denoted by the sum total of the amount paid after the lending period expiration (Tanzi, 2014). It was mentioned at the initial stage of the case study , that the interest payment were not required by the parents for the loan lent to their son, however extra amount of $ 10000 was paid by the son to his parents. The payment, which is extra, is equivalent to the rate of 5% and this rate at the yearly basis. This rate is accounted from the borrowing of $ 40000. This amount would be regarded as the ordinary income under the interest income head. It can be argued under Section 6 Subsection 5 that the ordinary income do not comprise of the surplus payment and it becomes mandatory to make a declaration that such incomes is separate and it do not forms a part of the amount of the loan provided (Hegemann et al., 2015). 3a: Purchase Price 90,000.00 Month Year of Purchase Sep-86 Sale Price 800,000.00 Month Year of Sale Aug-16 No of Years 29.9 Capital Gain 800,000.00 Tax with Indexation 160,000.00 Purchase Price 90000 Construction cost 60000 Total cost of land 150000 Disposal Proceeds 800000 Net Capital gains 650000 3b: Purchase Price 90,000.00 Month Year of Purchase Sep-86 Sale Price 200,000.00 Month Year of Sale Aug-16 No of Years 29.9 Capital Gain 200,000.00 Tax with Indexation 60,000.00 Purchase Price 90000 Construction cost 60000 Total cost of land 150000 Disposal Proceeds 200000 Net Capital gains 50000 It can be clearly depicted from the case study if Scott transfers the rights of ownership to his daughter. The valuation of such sales is based on the market value rather than on the amount transferred. 3c: Purchase Price 90,000.00 Month Year of Purchase (eg. mm/yyyy) Sep-1986 Sale Price 800,000.00 Month Year of Sale (eg. mm/yyyy) Aug-2016 No of Years 29.9 Capital Gain 800,000.00 Tax with Indexation 160,000.00 Purchase Price 90000 Construction cost 60000 Total cost of land 150000 Disposal Proceeds 320000 Net Capital gains 170000 Gross capital gains 260000 Less: Exemption 130000 Net Capital gains 130000 Assessable as individual 130000 Assessable as company 222090.2613 If the income is assessed on the basis of the parameters of discounted method, this would enable the owner to seek the advantage of tax exemptions. This is noteworthy to denote under the presented case study. However, if the owner were not regarded as an individual rather he is regarded as the company, then the assessable of the company would be considered under the capital gains. This would be done by taking into account with a capital value of $ 222090 under the indexation method. Reference: Besley, T. J., Persson, T. (2013). Taxation and development. Bird, R. M., Zolt, E. M. (2014). Redistribution via taxation: the limited role of the personal income tax in developing countries.Annals of Economics and Finance,15(2), 625-683. Christie, M. (2015). Principles of Taxation Law 2015. Davison, M., Monotti, A., Wiseman, L. (2016).Australian intellectual property law. Cambridge University Press. Gordon, R.H. and Kopczuk, W., 2014. The choice of the personal income tax base.Journal of Public Economics,118, pp.97-110. Griffith, R., Miller, H., O'Connell, M. (2014). Ownership of intellectual property and corporate taxation.Journal of Public Economics,112, 12-23. Hatfield, J. W. (2015). Federalism, taxation, and economic growth.Journal of Urban Economics,87, 114-125. Hegemann, A., Kunoth, A., Rupp, K. and Sureth, C., 2015.Impact of capital gains taxation on the holding period of investments under different tax systems(No. 183). arqus-Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre. Miller, A., Oats, L. (2016).Principles of international taxation. Bloomsbury Publishing. Oats, L. (Ed.). (2012).Taxation: a fieldwork research handbook. Routledge. Piketty, T., Saez, E. (2013). A theory of optimal inheritance taxation.Econometrica,81(5), 1851-1886. Saad, N. (2014). Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance: Taxpayers view.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, 1069-1075. Slemrod, J., 2013. Buenas notches: lines and notches in tax system design.eJournal of Tax Research,11(3), p.259. Tanzi, V. (2014). Inflation, indexation and interest income taxation.PSL Quarterly Review,29(116). Wallace, S. (2015). Property Taxation in a Global Economy: Is a Capital Gains Tax on Real Property a Good Idea. InPrepared for the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy-Land Policy Institute of Taiwan, Conference on Toward A(pp. 24-25). Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2016).Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

Scarlet Letter And Society Essays - Film, , Term Papers

Scarlet Letter And Society In the novel The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne displays his view of sin in an assortment of his characters. Through Hester Prynne, he explains her sin of adultery and how she becomes stronger by it. Reverend Dimmesdale deals with his sin of adultery personally because he does not reveal the sin, which allows him to become ill with guilt. The character Pearl is portrayed as a living sin, and therefore, is constantly being judged. The characters allow the audience to comprehend Hawthorne's view of sin. If hidden, sin will destroy, but if revealed and repented it is capable of making one stronger. One way Hawthorne develops his view of sin is through Hester Prynne. Hester is charged with adultery. Through the novel, the audience learns that her sin makes her a stronger woman; being the 1600's the punishments were usually severe. She is forced to wear a scarlet "A" upon her breast to let the community be aware of her wrongdoing. "Thus she will be living sermon against sin, until the ignominious letter be engraved upon her tombstone" (59). This quote informs the readers that Hester must wear the scarlet letter until she leaves the World. Honestly, Hester's "badge of shame"(102), makes her a stronger person. The symbol makes her stronger because she puts up with the harassing comments of the town. Hester wears the letter with pride. She is aware that her sin is iniquitous, but by being open about it she is able to become a stronger person. Hester proves that by repenting and repelling sin, it is truly capable of making one stronger. Another character who supports Hawthorne's thought of sin is Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimesdale's sin of adultery is worst because he is a symbol of god. Therefore, Dimmesdale refuses to be opened with his sin. He explains to Hester, "Happy for you Hester that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret" (176)! The guilt that Dimmesdale keeps concealed within his soul eventually beats him and he dies. The shame and guilt he held within his heart cause his death. Through Reverend Dimmesdale, Hawthorne develops the idea that when sin is hidden, it often destroys. The last way Hawthorne acts out sin is through Pearl. Pearl is the product of Dimmesdale and Hester's affair. Whenever the community sees Pearl and Hester together, they assume that Pearl is a devil child because she was born out of sin. "Pearl was born outcast of the infantile world. An emp of evil, emblem and product of sin" (86). This quote displays the people's belief. Hester doesn't believe Pearl to be evil, nor does she think Pearl will follow in her footsteps. Hester said, "I can teach my little Pearl what I have learned from this" (101). For example, Hester is teaching Pearl the catechism. Many children her age aren't aware of it. This proves that Hester is being a virtuous mother. Hester and the community will have to live with the fact that Pearl is a reminder of the sin. Hawthorne forms his view of sin clearly in The Scarlet Letter. By the character, Hester Prynne, he teaches that sin can be a lesson that will make one stronger. By using the Reverend Dimmesdale, the audience is aware that when sin is hidden, it can destroy. Pearl is used in the novel, as a reminder of the sin. The novel portrays sin in a variety of ways, which Hawthorne illustrates in a successful manner.

CHAVARRIA Surname Meaning and Family History

CHAVARRIA Surname Meaning and Family History The Chavarria surname means new house, originating as a common variation of the surname Echevarria (Basque Extebarria), derived from the elements  exte, meaning house and  barria, meaning new. Its origins are rooted in the Northern Basque region. Alternate Surname Spellings:  ECHAVARRIA, CHAVARRI, CHAVARIA, ECHAVARIA, CHAVARRA, ECHEBERRIA, ECHEBARRIA, ETCHEVERRI, DETCHEVERRY, ECHEBARRI Surname Origin:  Basque, Spanish, French Famous People With the CHAVARRIA  Surname Daniel Chavarrà ­a  - Uruguay-born revolutionary and writer living in CubaJorge Rossi Chavarrà ­a - Costa Rican politician Where Is the CHAVARRIA Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from  Forebears, Chavarria is the 2,959th most common name in the world- found most prevalently in Mexico. It is most common, however, in countries such as Nicaragua (ranked 27th) and Costa Rica (ranked 35th). Within the United States, the Chavarria surname is most common in states with a large Spanish-speaking population, including New Mexico, Texas, California and Florida. Surname maps from the Instituto Nacional de Estadestica (Spanish Statistics Office) indicate that the Chavarria surname is most frequently found in northeastern Spain, used most frequently by individuals born in the province of Tarragona, followed by Cuenca, Huesca, Teruel and Zaragoza. Genealogy Resources for the Surname CHAVARRIA GenForum: Chavarria: This free genealogy forum includes posts from individuals researching their Chavarria ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives for posts about your Chavarria ancestors, or join and post your own Chavarria query.FamilySearch - CHAVARRIA Genealogy: Explore over 524,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Chavarria surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Chavarria  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Chavarria  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Total Quality Management Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Total Quality Management Master - Case Study Example Given the nature of their responsibilities and the means available to the police department in general, discharge of police functions is found to be more problematic than any other public services. However, it can reasonably be stated that with a proper assessment of the capabilities and readiness TQM can be applied even to the police department to ensure satisfied service to the public. Implementation of TQM in public service departments has always been a difficult and cumbersome process; but the continuing pressures for transparency, accountability and service expectations, TQM requires increased management attention for effecting improvements. Based on the assessment of eight concepts of TQM, this paper critically analyzes the readiness of the Abu Dhabi Police Department for the implementation of TQM approach as part of the strategic planning initiative of the department to improve the performance of the department. Keeping the maintenance of security and stability as the main goal the Abu Dhabi Police General Headquarters has framed its strategic initiatives for excelling in its performance. The strategic priorities include (i) effective controlling of the crime, (ii) increasing the confidence of the community in police and public safety services, (iii) maintaining security and safety in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, (iv) making commuting through the roads safer, (v) improving the performance of the staff of the department by implementing the best international practices and (vi) providing all policing operations with functional support (Abu Dhabi Police Strategic Plan, 2008). The responsibility for improving meeting these strategic priorities and improving the performance has been entrusted with the Strategic Management and Performance Improvement Department reporting directly to the Commander General of Abu Dhabi Police. Unlike many of the other police forces in the world, the aim of Abu Dhabi Police does not stop with achieving peace by reducing crime. The Department embarks upon much deeper and broader concept of performance, which is more visionary in nature. Therefore the objective of Strategic Management and Performance Improvement Department is to transform the Abu Dhabi Policemen from the conventional symbol of watcher and guardian to the a non-traditional image of the comprehensive employee. This calls for a critical assessment of the readiness of the department for implementing a TQM approach so that the Department can contribute more to the maintenance of peace, tradition and justice in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Total Quality Management "Total Quality Management (TQM) is a set of management practices throughout the organization geared to ensure the organization consistently meets or exceeds customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement." (Free Management Library) In the TQM approach, all members of an organization are expected to participate in improving the processes. TQM also facilitates improvements in products, services and the culture in the working environment (ASQ). Edward Deming has

Globalization and the gains from international trade Essay - 1

Globalization and the gains from international trade - Essay Example Using certain assumptions, Samuelson concluded that although it cannot be illustrated that everyone stands to gain under free trade, it can nevertheless, be proven that no one could be any less worse (Kemp 1995, pp. 3-4). According to him, in a free system, both production and consumption always end up higher than those in autarkic states. A free trade society is better off since the trade frontier rises high above the autarkic frontier on all aspects implying that it can obtain more all of such goods minus some of the tedious inputs (Samuelson 1962, pp. 820-821). Kemp believes that gains in free trade is evinced only if none of the countries within the globalised system is worse off than those in smaller customs unions. Free trade, according to him, is just one of the integral characteristics of globalisation that ultimately gives rise to more global development (Kemp1987). Kemp (1962) expanded on Samuelson’s theory by proving that GTIF is applicable to countries of whatever size under similar assumptions. Using the equation p1 z1 – w1 a1 ? p1 z0 - w1 a0, Kemp concluded that it is impossible to make everyone better off by a mere redistribution of goods under autarky and illustrated, using the same utility curves employed by Samuelson, that free trade is better than autarky (see Fig. 2). ... Point pp also passes below u1 because it operates under autarkic condition, but point RR, which operates under free-trade, can neither lie inside autarkic levels. In sum, the GFTIP has four core theories, assuming a fixed market with finite numbers of individuals and commodities: free trade is better than no trade, whether an economy is small or big; any improvement in trade is beneficial in the case of small open economies; trade in further products is likewise beneficial for small open economies, and; a relationship involving any trade agreement is mutually beneficial for any subset of trading countries (Kemp 1995, p. 105). ii) Carefully explain and annotate the proof of the classical GFITP provided by Grandmont and McFadden (1972). Why is this proof generally regarded as the first satisfactory proof of the classical gains from international trade proposition? The first satisfactory and complete proof of the classical GFITP is believed to be that propounded by Grandmont and McFadde n in 1972. The reason for the long lag of time between proposition and proof lies in technicality: the absence of a lump sum compensated world before World War II (Kemp and Wan 1972). Grandmont and McFadden proved that autarkic countries can subsequently evolve into free trade without harming their consumers through internal financing to ensure, at least, that consumers are not worse off than before. With the classical GFITP reduced into Propositions A and B, Grandmont and McFadden developed a model to prove their validity (1972, p. 110). In the Grandmont-McFadden model, both Propositions A and B assume decentralised and multiple-consumers nations with competitive domestic markets. Proposition A states that â€Å"Given a world competitive trade